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Wire:
UNOATmega328P: The 8-bit AVR microcontroller that runs your sketch (16 MHz, 32 KB flash, 2 KB RAM).ATmega328PUSB-B: USB connection for uploading sketches and for the Serial Monitor. Also powers the board (5 V).DC jack: Barrel jack for 7–12 V from a battery pack or adapter (centre positive).ATmega16U2: Converts USB to serial for uploads and Serial.print().RESET: Restarts your sketch from the beginning (setup() runs again).L (D13): Built-in LED connected to pin 13 (LED_BUILTIN).ON: Power indicator.5 V regulator: Turns 7–12 V from VIN/jack into a steady 5 V.16 MHz: Clock source: the microcontroller runs 16 million cycles per second.ICSP: In-circuit programming header (SPI). Used to burn a bootloader; not needed for normal uploads.SCLSDAAREFGND131211109876543210—IOREFRESET3.3V5VGNDGNDVINA0A1A2A3A4A5Pin SCL (I2C clock (same signal as A5))Pin SDA (I2C data (same signal as A4))Pin AREF (Analog reference input)Pin GND (Ground (0 V))Pin 13 (SPI SCK, Built-in LED (LED_BUILTIN))Pin 12 (SPI MISO)Pin 11 (PWM (Timer2, ≈490 Hz), SPI MOSI)Pin 10 (PWM (Timer1, ≈490 Hz), SPI SS)Pin 9 (PWM (Timer1, ≈490 Hz))Pin 8 ()Pin 7 ()Pin 6 (PWM (Timer0, ≈980 Hz))Pin 5 (PWM (Timer0, ≈980 Hz))Pin 4 ()Pin 3 (PWM (Timer2, ≈490 Hz), External interrupt INT1)Pin 2 (External interrupt INT0)Pin 1 (UART TX (Serial))Pin 0 (UART RX (Serial))Pin — (Not connected)Pin IOREF (Tells shields the board's logic voltage (5 V))Pin RESET (Pull LOW to restart the microcontroller)Pin 3.3V (3.3 V output)Pin 5V (5 V output)Pin GND (Ground (0 V))Pin GND (Ground (0 V))Pin VIN (Input 7–12 V (or the jack voltage when powered by the jack))Pin A0 (ADC channel 0 (10-bit, 0–1023), Digital pin 14)Pin A1 (ADC channel 1 (10-bit, 0–1023), Digital pin 15)Pin A2 (ADC channel 2 (10-bit, 0–1023), Digital pin 16)Pin A3 (ADC channel 3 (10-bit, 0–1023), Digital pin 17)Pin A4 (ADC channel 4, I2C SDA, Digital pin 18)Pin A5 (ADC channel 5, I2C SCL, Digital pin 19)Push button · Side A (a)Push button · Side B (b)220 ΩResistor · End 1 (a)Resistor · End 2 (b)+LED · Anode (+) (anode)LED · Cathode (−) (cathode)
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